Câmpulung Muscel, is a city in the Argeş
County, Wallachia,
Romania. It is
situated among the outlying hills of the Transylvanian Alps, at the head of a long
well-wooded glen traversed by the river Târgului, a tributary of the Argeş.

Its pure air and fine scenery render Câmpulung a popular summer resort. In
the city there are more than twenty churches, besides a monastery and
a cathedral,
which both claim to have been founded, in the 13th century by Radu Negru,
legendary first Prince of Wallachia.

Câmpulung was one of the earliest urban settlements in Wallachia,
the Transylvanian Saxons contributing to its
development by bringing the German urban culture. The earliest written evidence
of the town's existence is dated 1300, and is to be found in the Câmpulung
church. The inscription is an epitaph of Laurencius de Longo Campo, the mayor of the
German community, the full text being Hic sepultus est comes Laurencius de
Longo-Campo, pie memorie, Anno Domini MCCC ("Here is buried Laurentius
of Longus-Campus, in pious memory, Anno Domini
1300").

Câmpulung was the first capital of the feudal state
of Wallachia, until succeeded by Curtea
de Argeş in the 14th century. There was a considerable traffic with Transylvania,
over the Bran Pass, 15 miles to the north, and with the south
by a branch railway to Ploieşti.

Near Câmpulung are the remains of a Roman
camp; and just beyond the gates, vestiges a Roman colony, variously identified
with Romula, Stepenium and Ulpia
Traiana, but now called Grădiştea or Jidovi.